{
  "id": "titration",
  "version": "5d86ff5df758",
  "status": "published",
  "name": "Titration Calculator",
  "question": "What does my titration give?",
  "summary": "Works out the unknown concentration of an analyte from a titration (titrant molarity, titrant volume at the end point, sample volume and the mole ratio), or the titrant volume needed to reach the equivalence point.",
  "category": "chemistry",
  "subcategory": "solutions",
  "url": "https://www.acalculator.org/chemistry/titration-calculator",
  "markdown": "https://www.acalculator.org/chemistry/titration-calculator.md",
  "kind": "function",
  "method": "n_titrant = C_titrant × V_titrant; n_analyte = n_titrant × a ÷ t; C_analyte = n_analyte ÷ V_analyte. For the volume: V_titrant = C_analyte × V_analyte × t ÷ (a × C_titrant).",
  "assumptions": [
    "The end point you saw is the equivalence point, where analyte and titrant have reacted exactly in the ratio of the balanced equation.",
    "a and t are the coefficients of the analyte and the titrant in the balanced equation."
  ],
  "inputs": {
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "find": {
        "title": "Find",
        "description": "The analyte concentration from a finished titration, or the titrant volume to the equivalence point.",
        "type": "string",
        "enum": [
          "analyte",
          "volume"
        ]
      },
      "Ct": {
        "title": "Titrant molarity, mol/L",
        "description": "The known concentration of the titrant in the buret (for example 0.250 M NaOH).",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 1e-12,
        "maximum": 1000
      },
      "Vt": {
        "title": "Titrant volume used",
        "description": "The titrant volume added to reach the end point.",
        "type": [
          "number",
          "string"
        ],
        "x-quantity": "volume",
        "minimum": 1e-12,
        "maximum": 1000
      },
      "Va": {
        "title": "Analyte volume",
        "description": "The volume of the sample in the flask.",
        "type": [
          "number",
          "string"
        ],
        "x-quantity": "volume",
        "minimum": 1e-12,
        "maximum": 1000
      },
      "Ca": {
        "title": "Analyte molarity, mol/L",
        "description": "The analyte concentration, if you know or expect it.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 1e-12,
        "maximum": 1000
      },
      "a": {
        "title": "Analyte coefficient",
        "description": "The analyte’s coefficient in the balanced equation (1 for HCl + NaOH).",
        "type": "integer",
        "minimum": 1,
        "maximum": 100
      },
      "t": {
        "title": "Titrant coefficient",
        "description": "The titrant’s coefficient in the balanced equation (2 for H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH).",
        "type": "integer",
        "minimum": 1,
        "maximum": 100
      }
    }
  },
  "outputs": {
    "result": {
      "label": "Answer",
      "description": "The analyte molarity or the titrant volume, to 6 significant figures.",
      "format": "text"
    },
    "analyteM": {
      "label": "Analyte molarity (mol/L)",
      "description": "The analyte concentration.",
      "format": "number"
    },
    "titrantML": {
      "label": "Titrant volume (mL)",
      "description": "The titrant volume at the equivalence point.",
      "format": "number"
    },
    "titrantMol": {
      "label": "Titrant (mol)",
      "description": "Moles of titrant added: molarity × volume.",
      "format": "number"
    },
    "analyteMol": {
      "label": "Analyte (mol)",
      "description": "Moles of analyte: titrant moles × a ÷ t.",
      "format": "number"
    }
  },
  "defaultAnswer": {
    "inputs": {
      "find": "analyte",
      "Ct": 0.25,
      "Vt": "35.23 mL",
      "Va": "50 mL",
      "Ca": 0.1,
      "a": 1,
      "t": 1
    },
    "outputs": {
      "result": "0.17615 mol/L",
      "analyteM": 0.17615,
      "titrantML": 35.23,
      "titrantMol": 0.0088075,
      "analyteMol": 0.0088075
    },
    "text": "The answer is 0.17615 mol/L."
  },
  "examples": [
    {
      "given": {
        "find": "analyte",
        "Ct": 0.25,
        "Vt": 0.00003523,
        "Va": 0.00005,
        "a": 1,
        "t": 1
      },
      "expect": {
        "Ca": 0.17615,
        "result": "0.17615 mol/L"
      },
      "source": "OpenStax, Chemistry 2e, §4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis (titration: moles from molarity × volume and the mole ratio of the balanced equation), https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/4-5-quantitative-chemical-analysis, Example 4.14 Titration Analysis: 0.176 M HCl; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "find": "analyte",
        "Ct": 0.09113,
        "Vt": 0.00002324,
        "Va": 0.00002,
        "a": 5,
        "t": 2
      },
      "expect": {
        "Ca": 0.26473265
      },
      "source": "OpenStax, Chemistry 2e, §4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis (titration: moles from molarity × volume and the mole ratio of the balanced equation), https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/4-5-quantitative-chemical-analysis, Check Your Learning after Example 4.14 (the book prints 0.2648 M); hand calculation in content.mdx: 0.09113 × 23.24 × 5/2 ÷ 20.00"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "find": "volume",
        "Ct": 0.1,
        "Va": 0.000025,
        "Ca": 0.1,
        "a": 1,
        "t": 2
      },
      "expect": {
        "titrantML": 50,
        "analyteMol": 0.0025
      },
      "source": "OpenStax, Chemistry 2e, §4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis (titration: moles from molarity × volume and the mole ratio of the balanced equation), https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/4-5-quantitative-chemical-analysis; hand calculation in content.mdx: 0.0025 mol acid needs 0.0050 mol base, 0.0050 ÷ 0.100 = 50.0 mL"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    "OpenStax, Chemistry 2e, section 4.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis: titration, equivalence point, Example 4.14 and its Check Your Learning. CC BY 4.0, retrieved 2026-10-03. https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/4-5-quantitative-chemical-analysis",
    "NIST Special Publication 811, Appendix B.8: 1 US fluid ounce = 2.957353 × 10⁻⁵ m³ (1/128 of 3.785411784 L). Retrieved 2026-10-03. https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811/nist-guide-si-appendix-b-conversion-factors/nist-guide-si-appendix-b8"
  ],
  "related": [
    "molarity",
    "dilution",
    "ph"
  ],
  "changelog": []
}