{
  "id": "temperature-converter",
  "version": "0c0aa3e8fd3b",
  "status": "published",
  "name": "Temperature Converter",
  "question": "Temperature conversion calculator",
  "summary": "Converts a temperature between Celsius, Fahrenheit, kelvins, and Rankine, with the formula for each pair.",
  "category": "convert",
  "subcategory": "temperature",
  "url": "https://www.acalculator.org/convert/temperature",
  "markdown": "https://www.acalculator.org/convert/temperature.md",
  "kind": "function",
  "method": "kelvins = (t + offset) × scale for the \"From\" scale, then back out on the \"To\" scale",
  "assumptions": [
    "°C = K − 273.15 and °F = K × 9 ÷ 5 − 459.67 (NIST SP 811). Rankine is kelvins × 9 ÷ 5: Fahrenheit-sized degrees from absolute zero.",
    "The arithmetic is exact on the decimal you type; each answer is rounded once, and the page shows at most 6 decimal places.",
    "A temperature below absolute zero (0 K) has no answer."
  ],
  "inputs": {
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "amount": {
        "title": "Temperature",
        "description": "The temperature to convert, on the \"From\" scale. It may be negative.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": -1000000000,
        "maximum": 1000000000
      },
      "from": {
        "title": "From",
        "description": "The scale the temperature is on.",
        "type": "string",
        "enum": [
          "C",
          "F",
          "K",
          "R"
        ]
      },
      "to": {
        "title": "To",
        "description": "The scale to convert to.",
        "type": "string",
        "enum": [
          "C",
          "F",
          "K",
          "R"
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "outputs": {
    "result": {
      "label": "Converted temperature",
      "description": "The temperature on the \"To\" scale.",
      "format": "number"
    },
    "celsius": {
      "label": "Celsius (°C)",
      "description": "The temperature in degrees Celsius.",
      "format": "number"
    },
    "fahrenheit": {
      "label": "Fahrenheit (°F)",
      "description": "The temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.",
      "format": "number"
    },
    "kelvin": {
      "label": "Kelvins (K)",
      "description": "The temperature in kelvins, above absolute zero.",
      "format": "number"
    },
    "rankine": {
      "label": "Rankine (°R)",
      "description": "The temperature in degrees Rankine, Fahrenheit-sized degrees above absolute zero.",
      "format": "number"
    },
    "formula": {
      "label": "Formula",
      "description": "The formula from the \"From\" scale to the \"To\" scale.",
      "format": "text"
    }
  },
  "defaultAnswer": {
    "inputs": {
      "from": "F",
      "to": "C",
      "amount": 68
    },
    "outputs": {
      "result": 20,
      "celsius": 20,
      "fahrenheit": 68,
      "kelvin": 293.15,
      "rankine": 527.67,
      "formula": "°C = (°F − 32) × 5 ÷ 9"
    },
    "text": "68 Fahrenheit (°F) = 20 Celsius (°C)."
  },
  "examples": [
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": 68,
        "from": "F",
        "to": "C"
      },
      "expect": {
        "result": 20,
        "kelvin": 293.15,
        "rankine": 527.67,
        "formula": "°C = (°F − 32) × 5 ÷ 9"
      },
      "source": "NIST SP 811 (2008), section 4.2.1.1 and Appendix B.8: (68 − 32) × 5 ÷ 9 = 20 °C; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": 100,
        "from": "C",
        "to": "F"
      },
      "expect": {
        "result": 212,
        "kelvin": 373.15,
        "rankine": 671.67
      },
      "source": "NIST SP 811 (2008), section 4.2.1.1: 100 × 9 ÷ 5 + 32 = 212 °F; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": 98.6,
        "from": "F",
        "to": "C"
      },
      "expect": {
        "result": 37,
        "celsius": 37,
        "kelvin": 310.15
      },
      "source": "NIST SP 811 (2008), Appendix B.8: (98.6 − 32) × 5 ÷ 9 = 37 exactly; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": -40,
        "from": "C",
        "to": "F"
      },
      "expect": {
        "result": -40,
        "kelvin": 233.15
      },
      "source": "NIST SP 811 (2008), section 4.2.1.1: −40 × 9 ÷ 5 + 32 = −40; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": 0,
        "from": "K",
        "to": "F"
      },
      "expect": {
        "result": -459.67,
        "celsius": -273.15,
        "rankine": 0
      },
      "source": "NIST SP 811 (2008), Appendix B.8: 0 K = −273.15 °C = −459.67 °F; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": 500,
        "from": "R",
        "to": "K"
      },
      "expect": {
        "result": 277.77777777777777,
        "fahrenheit": 40.33
      },
      "source": "NIST SP 811 (2008), Appendix B.8: K = °R × 5 ÷ 9 = 2,500 ÷ 9; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    "NIST SP 811 (2008), Guide for the Use of the International System of Units, section 4.2.1.1 (Celsius temperature) and Appendix B.8 (degree Fahrenheit, degree Rankine), retrieved 2026-10-01. https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811"
  ],
  "related": [
    "fahrenheit-to-celsius",
    "celsius-to-fahrenheit",
    "unit-converter",
    "length-converter"
  ],
  "changelog": []
}