{
  "id": "401k-withdrawal-tax",
  "version": "efe378e04a16",
  "status": "published",
  "name": "401k Withdrawal Tax Calculator",
  "question": "Owe taxes on 401(k) withdrawals?",
  "summary": "Estimates the 2026 federal income tax, the 10% early withdrawal tax and state tax on a traditional 401(k) or IRA withdrawal, on top of your other income, and what you keep.",
  "category": "finance",
  "subcategory": "tax-and-pay",
  "url": "https://www.acalculator.org/finance/401k-withdrawal-tax-calculator",
  "markdown": "https://www.acalculator.org/finance/401k-withdrawal-tax-calculator.md",
  "kind": "function",
  "method": "Federal tax on the withdrawal = 2026 federal tax on (other income + withdrawal) − tax on other income alone; plus 10% of the withdrawal before 59½ with no exception; plus withdrawal × state rate.",
  "assumptions": [
    "Federal tax for tax year 2026 (IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32): standard deduction, the extra standard deduction and the senior deduction for people 65 or older, and the regular brackets. All other income is treated as ordinary income.",
    "No itemized deductions, credits, or capital gains; the withdrawal can make more of your Social Security taxable, which is not included (use the taxable Social Security calculator and add the extra to other income).",
    "Pre-tax money only: Roth contributions and qualified Roth withdrawals are tax free, and after-tax contributions come out untaxed.",
    "State tax is one flat rate you enter; some states exempt part or all of retirement income.",
    "Withholding is a prepayment, not the tax: you get back or pay the difference when you file."
  ],
  "inputs": {
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "amount": {
        "title": "Withdrawal",
        "description": "The pre-tax amount you take out of a traditional 401(k), 403(b) or IRA this year.",
        "type": "number",
        "x-unit": "USD",
        "minimum": 0,
        "maximum": 10000000000
      },
      "income": {
        "title": "Other taxable income",
        "description": "All your other taxable income for the year before deductions: wages, pensions, the taxable part of Social Security, interest.",
        "type": "number",
        "x-unit": "USD",
        "minimum": 0,
        "maximum": 10000000000
      },
      "status": {
        "title": "Filing status",
        "description": "Your federal filing status.",
        "type": "string",
        "enum": [
          "single",
          "mfj",
          "hoh",
          "mfs"
        ]
      },
      "seniors": {
        "title": "People 65 or older on the return",
        "description": "You, and your spouse on a joint return, who are 65 or older by the end of the year: 0 or 1, or up to 2 on a joint return.",
        "type": "integer",
        "minimum": 0,
        "maximum": 2
      },
      "early": {
        "title": "Under 59½ with no exception",
        "description": "Whether the 10% additional tax on early distributions applies: you are under 59½ and no exception (such as leaving your job in or after the year you turn 55) covers the withdrawal.",
        "type": "boolean"
      },
      "state": {
        "title": "State income tax rate",
        "description": "Your state’s income tax rate on the withdrawal (0 where there is none, or it is exempt).",
        "type": "number",
        "x-unit": "percent",
        "minimum": 0,
        "maximum": 20
      }
    }
  },
  "outputs": {
    "net": {
      "label": "You keep",
      "description": "The withdrawal minus the federal tax, the 10% additional tax and the state tax on it.",
      "format": "money"
    },
    "totalTax": {
      "label": "Total tax on the withdrawal",
      "description": "Federal income tax plus the 10% additional tax plus state tax, caused by the withdrawal.",
      "format": "money"
    },
    "federalTax": {
      "label": "Federal income tax on it",
      "description": "Your federal tax with the withdrawal minus your federal tax without it.",
      "format": "money"
    },
    "penalty": {
      "label": "10% additional tax",
      "description": "The tax on early distributions: 10% of the withdrawal when it applies.",
      "format": "money"
    },
    "stateTax": {
      "label": "State tax",
      "description": "The withdrawal times the state rate.",
      "format": "money"
    },
    "effectiveRate": {
      "label": "Share lost to tax",
      "description": "The total tax on the withdrawal divided by the withdrawal.",
      "format": "percent"
    },
    "marginalRate": {
      "label": "Top federal bracket",
      "description": "The federal bracket of the last dollar of the withdrawal.",
      "format": "percent"
    },
    "withheld": {
      "label": "Withheld by a 401(k) plan",
      "description": "A plan must withhold 20% for federal tax when it pays the money to you; IRAs withhold 10% unless you choose otherwise.",
      "format": "money"
    }
  },
  "defaultAnswer": {
    "inputs": {
      "amount": 30000,
      "income": 40000,
      "status": "single",
      "seniors": 0,
      "early": false,
      "state": 0
    },
    "outputs": {
      "net": 26047,
      "totalTax": 3953,
      "federalTax": 3953,
      "penalty": 0,
      "stateTax": 0,
      "effectiveRate": 13.176666666666668,
      "marginalRate": 22,
      "withheld": 6000
    },
    "text": "Taking $30,000.00 out of a 401(k) with $40,000.00 of other income costs about $3,953.00 in tax; you keep $26,047.00."
  },
  "examples": [
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": 30000,
        "income": 40000,
        "status": "single",
        "seniors": 0,
        "early": false,
        "state": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "federalTax": 3953,
        "net": 26047,
        "marginalRate": 22
      },
      "source": "IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 single brackets, $16,100 standard deduction); Form 1040 Tax Table method; hand calculation in content.mdx: tax on $53,900 ($6,576) less tax on $23,900 ($2,623)"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": 20000,
        "income": 0,
        "status": "mfj",
        "seniors": 0,
        "early": true,
        "state": 5
      },
      "expect": {
        "federalTax": 0,
        "penalty": 2000,
        "stateTax": 1000,
        "net": 17000
      },
      "source": "IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 ($32,200 joint standard deduction); IRC 72(t) 10% additional tax; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "amount": 100000,
        "income": 150000,
        "status": "mfj",
        "seniors": 2,
        "early": false,
        "state": 4
      },
      "expect": {
        "federalTax": 24702,
        "penalty": 0,
        "stateTax": 4000,
        "net": 71298
      },
      "source": "IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (joint brackets, additional standard deduction $1,650 each over 65) and Schedule 1-A senior deduction phase-out; hand calculation in content.mdx"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    "Internal Revenue Service, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 tax brackets, standard deduction and additional standard deduction): https://www.irs.gov/irb/2025-45_IRB",
    "Internal Revenue Service, Topic no. 558, Additional tax on early distributions from retirement plans other than IRAs: https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc558",
    "Internal Revenue Service, Topic no. 413, Rollovers from retirement plans (20% mandatory withholding): https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc413",
    "Internal Revenue Service, Schedule 1-A (Form 1040), senior deduction (tax years 2025 to 2028): https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040s1a.pdf",
    "Internal Revenue Service, Form W-4R, Withholding Certificate for Nonperiodic Payments and Eligible Rollover Distributions: https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-w-4-r"
  ],
  "related": [
    "401k-early-withdrawal",
    "401k-withdrawal",
    "rmd"
  ],
  "changelog": []
}