{
  "id": "prevent",
  "version": "3dab56ac124e",
  "status": "published",
  "name": "PREVENT Calculator",
  "question": "What is my PREVENT heart risk?",
  "summary": "Estimates the 10-year and 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease, ASCVD, and heart failure with the American Heart Association PREVENT equations (base model) for adults 30 to 79.",
  "category": "health",
  "subcategory": "clinical",
  "url": "https://www.acalculator.org/health/prevent-calculator",
  "markdown": "https://www.acalculator.org/health/prevent-calculator.md",
  "kind": "function",
  "method": "Risk = 100 × e^x ÷ (1 + e^x), x = constant + Σ coefficient × transformed term, with the sex-specific PREVENT base-model coefficients of Khan 2024 for total CVD, ASCVD, and heart failure at 10 and 30 years.",
  "assumptions": [
    "Adults 30 to 79 without known cardiovascular disease. 30-year risks are shown for ages 30 to 59 only.",
    "Cholesterol in mg/dL is converted to mmol/L by multiplying by 0.02586 (Khan 2024).",
    "Base model only: it does not use urine albumin, HbA1c, or the social deprivation index.",
    "Each risk is rounded to 0.1%."
  ],
  "inputs": {
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "sex": {
        "title": "Sex",
        "description": "Sex at birth. The equations differ for women and men.",
        "type": "string",
        "enum": [
          "male",
          "female"
        ]
      },
      "age": {
        "title": "Age",
        "description": "Age in whole years, 30 to 79. 30-year risks are for ages 30 to 59.",
        "type": "integer",
        "minimum": 30,
        "maximum": 79
      },
      "units": {
        "title": "Cholesterol units",
        "description": "US units (mg/dL) or SI units (mmol/L) for total and HDL cholesterol.",
        "type": "string",
        "enum": [
          "us",
          "si"
        ]
      },
      "tc": {
        "title": "Total cholesterol (mg/dL)",
        "description": "Total cholesterol, 130 to 320 mg/dL.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 130,
        "maximum": 320
      },
      "tcSi": {
        "title": "Total cholesterol (mmol/L)",
        "description": "Total cholesterol, 3.37 to 8.27 mmol/L.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 3.37,
        "maximum": 8.27
      },
      "hdl": {
        "title": "HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)",
        "description": "HDL cholesterol, 20 to 100 mg/dL.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 20,
        "maximum": 100
      },
      "hdlSi": {
        "title": "HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)",
        "description": "HDL cholesterol, 0.52 to 2.58 mmol/L.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 0.52,
        "maximum": 2.58
      },
      "sbp": {
        "title": "Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)",
        "description": "The top number of the blood pressure, 90 to 180 mmHg.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 90,
        "maximum": 180
      },
      "egfr": {
        "title": "eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)",
        "description": "Estimated glomerular filtration rate from a blood test, 15 to 140.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 15,
        "maximum": 140
      },
      "bmi": {
        "title": "BMI (kg/m²)",
        "description": "Body mass index, 18.5 to 39.9. Only the heart failure equations use it.",
        "type": "number",
        "minimum": 18.5,
        "maximum": 39.9
      },
      "bpMeds": {
        "title": "Taking blood pressure medicine",
        "description": "Whether you take medicine for high blood pressure.",
        "type": "boolean"
      },
      "statin": {
        "title": "Taking a statin",
        "description": "Whether you take a statin to lower cholesterol.",
        "type": "boolean"
      },
      "diabetes": {
        "title": "Diabetes",
        "description": "Whether you have diabetes.",
        "type": "boolean"
      },
      "smoker": {
        "title": "Current smoker",
        "description": "Whether you smoke now.",
        "type": "boolean"
      }
    }
  },
  "outputs": {
    "cvd10": {
      "label": "10-year total CVD risk",
      "description": "Chance of heart attack, stroke, or heart failure in 10 years.",
      "format": "percent"
    },
    "ascvd10": {
      "label": "10-year ASCVD risk",
      "description": "Chance of a heart attack or stroke in 10 years.",
      "format": "percent"
    },
    "hf10": {
      "label": "10-year heart failure risk",
      "description": "Chance of heart failure in 10 years.",
      "format": "percent"
    },
    "cvd30": {
      "label": "30-year total CVD risk",
      "description": "Chance of heart attack, stroke, or heart failure in 30 years (ages 30 to 59).",
      "format": "percent"
    },
    "ascvd30": {
      "label": "30-year ASCVD risk",
      "description": "Chance of a heart attack or stroke in 30 years (ages 30 to 59).",
      "format": "percent"
    },
    "hf30": {
      "label": "30-year heart failure risk",
      "description": "Chance of heart failure in 30 years (ages 30 to 59).",
      "format": "percent"
    }
  },
  "defaultAnswer": {
    "inputs": {
      "sex": "female",
      "age": 50,
      "units": "us",
      "tc": 200,
      "tcSi": 5.2,
      "hdl": 45,
      "hdlSi": 1.2,
      "sbp": 160,
      "egfr": 90,
      "bmi": 35,
      "bpMeds": true,
      "statin": false,
      "diabetes": true,
      "smoker": false
    },
    "outputs": {
      "cvd10": 14.7,
      "ascvd10": 9.2,
      "hf10": 8.1,
      "cvd30": 53,
      "ascvd30": 35.4,
      "hf30": 39
    },
    "text": "Your estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease is 14.7%, and of a heart attack or stroke (ASCVD) 9.2%."
  },
  "examples": [
    {
      "given": {
        "sex": "female",
        "age": 50,
        "units": "us",
        "tc": 200,
        "hdl": 45,
        "sbp": 160,
        "egfr": 90,
        "bmi": 35,
        "bpMeds": true,
        "statin": false,
        "diabetes": true,
        "smoker": false
      },
      "expect": {
        "cvd10": 14.7,
        "ascvd10": 9.2,
        "hf10": 8.1,
        "cvd30": 53,
        "ascvd30": 35.4,
        "hf30": 39
      },
      "source": "preventr R package README and test-estimate_risk.R (base model, female): 0.147, 0.092, 0.081 at 10 years and 0.53, 0.354, 0.39 at 30 years; Khan 2024 coefficients, Python 3 check 14.68%, 9.20%, 8.06%, 52.99%, 35.43%, 38.96%"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "sex": "male",
        "age": 55,
        "units": "si",
        "tcSi": 4.8,
        "hdlSi": 1.3,
        "sbp": 130,
        "egfr": 90,
        "bmi": 25,
        "bpMeds": false,
        "statin": false,
        "diabetes": false,
        "smoker": false
      },
      "expect": {
        "cvd10": 4.6,
        "ascvd10": 2.9,
        "hf10": 1.9,
        "cvd30": 24.1,
        "ascvd30": 15,
        "hf30": 12.4
      },
      "source": "Khan 2024 constants for men: 100 / (1 + e^3.031168) = 4.60%, e^3.500655 gives 2.93%, e^3.946391 gives 1.90%; 30-year e^1.148204 gives 24.08%, e^1.736444 gives 14.98%, e^1.95751 gives 12.37% (hand calculation in content.mdx)"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "sex": "female",
        "age": 65,
        "units": "us",
        "tc": 240,
        "hdl": 40,
        "sbp": 150,
        "egfr": 45,
        "bmi": 28,
        "bpMeds": true,
        "statin": true,
        "diabetes": false,
        "smoker": true
      },
      "expect": {
        "cvd10": 28.2,
        "ascvd10": 17.3,
        "hf10": 14.7
      },
      "source": "Khan 2024 base-model equations for women (hand calculation in content.mdx; Python 3 check 28.23%, 17.28%, 14.67%)"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    "Khan SS, Matsushita K, Sang Y, et al. Development and validation of the American Heart Association Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs (PREVENT) equations. Circulation. 2024;149(6):430-449, Supplemental Table S12 (base model). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067626 (retrieved 2026-09-28)",
    "Review of Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs (PREVENT). Evidence to Action (MDCalc). https://mdcalc.scholasticahq.com/article/164331-review-of-predicting-risk-of-cardiovascular-disease-events-prevent (the coefficients as printed; retrieved 2026-09-28)",
    "Mayer MG. preventr: an implementation of the AHA PREVENT equations (R package, used only to check results). https://github.com/martingmayer/preventr (retrieved 2026-09-28)"
  ],
  "related": [],
  "changelog": [
    {
      "date": "2026-09-29",
      "note": "Published after this site's editorial review against the cited sources (no clinician review); the page notice says so."
    }
  ]
}