Freight Class Calculator

Freight class is a standardized classification system used in the LTL shipping industry to categorize commodities. The system, managed by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA), groups all goods into one of 18 classes (from 50 to 500) to create a uniform pricing structure for carriers and shippers.

While related, they are not the same. Every shippable commodity has both a freight class and a more specific NMFC code. Freight Class is a broad category (e.g., Class 70) that includes items with similar shipping characteristics. NMFC Code is a unique numeric identifier for a specific commodity within that class (e.g., automobile engines). The freight class gives a general estimate of cost, but the NMFC code is required on the Bill of Lading for precise identification and billing.

Freight class is determined by evaluating a commodity's 'transportability,' which is based on four key factors: Density (weight per cubic foot - the most significant factor), Stowability (how easily the item can be stored with other freight), Handling (ease of loading/unloading), and Liability (risk of damage or theft). This calculator focuses on density-based classification.

The 18 freight classes are 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 77.5, 85, 92.5, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500. Class 50 is for very dense, durable items and is the least expensive to ship, while Class 500 is for very low-density or high-value items and is the most expensive.

Freight class is primarily determined by density (weight per cubic foot). The formula is: Density = Weight (lbs) ÷ Volume (cubic feet). Higher density items get lower class numbers and typically lower shipping rates. This calculator provides density-based estimates for planning purposes.

Using an incorrect freight class will lead to the carrier reclassifying your shipment, resulting in a corrected, higher invoice with added fees. It can also cause shipping delays, administrative burden, and may limit the carrier's liability if the shipment is damaged.

If a single pallet contains items of different freight classes, and you do not list each commodity separately on the Bill of Lading, the carrier will rate the entire pallet at the highest (most expensive) freight class present. To avoid this, you must itemize each commodity, its weight, and its class on the BOL.

The most common reason for reclassification is a discrepancy in the shipment's weight or dimensions, which leads to an incorrect density and, therefore, an incorrect class. Other reasons include an inaccurate commodity description or failure to account for special handling requirements.

The most direct way to lower your freight class is to increase your shipment's density. This is achieved through packaging optimization: using smaller boxes, eliminating empty space, and creating compact pallet configurations to reduce the shipment's overall volume for the same weight.

Yes, often they do. Stackable freight allows carriers to better utilize their trailer space. Because of this efficiency, many carriers offer better pricing or discounts for stackable shipments and may apply an upcharge for non-stackable freight.

No. This calculator provides an estimated freight class based on density alone. It is a tool for planning and quoting. However, to complete the official Bill of Lading (BOL), you must identify the correct NMFC code for your specific commodity.

No, the official NMFC database is a proprietary, subscription-based tool called ClassIT®, which is managed by the NMFTA. Logistics professionals and high-volume shippers typically subscribe to this service.

Never estimate. Measure the longest length, widest width, and tallest height of the fully packaged and palletized freight. Round up to the nearest inch. Include the weight of the product, packaging, dunnage, and pallet. Use a calibrated, certified freight scale for weighing.

No, never estimate. Carriers rely on precise measurements and are required by the Department of Transportation (DOT) to adhere to strict weight limits. Any estimation will likely be caught during a carrier inspection and will result in re-class fees and delays.

Hazardous materials (Hazmat) are governed by a separate and strict set of regulations from the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). These items have specific classification codes, labeling, and handling protocols that supersede any density-based calculation. You must consult with a logistics expert specializing in Hazmat shipping.

Yes! Right-sizing boxes, using stackable configurations, and eliminating overhang can increase density and potentially lower your freight class. However, always balance density optimization with adequate protection to avoid damage claims.