{
  "id": "vo2-max",
  "version": "70020d8894a7",
  "status": "published",
  "name": "VO2 Max Calculator",
  "question": "What is my VO2 max?",
  "summary": "Estimates maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max, mL/kg/min) from the distance run in the Cooper 12-minute test, or the distance needed for a target VO2 max.",
  "category": "sports",
  "subcategory": "fitness",
  "url": "https://www.acalculator.org/sports/vo2-max-calculator",
  "markdown": "https://www.acalculator.org/sports/vo2-max-calculator.md",
  "kind": "formulas",
  "method": "VO2max (mL/kg/min) = (d − 504.9) ÷ 44.73, where d is the distance in meters covered in 12 minutes (Cooper 1968).",
  "assumptions": [
    "You ran or walked as far as you could in exactly 12 minutes, on a flat course such as a track.",
    "The equation is a regression from 115 male US Air Force officers and airmen (Cooper 1968; correlation 0.897 with treadmill tests). It is an estimate, not a lab measurement.",
    "Distances that give a VO2 max of 0 or less (504.9 m or less) or above 100 mL/kg/min have no answer."
  ],
  "inputs": {
    "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "d": {
        "title": "Distance in 12 minutes",
        "description": "The distance you ran (or walked) in 12 minutes, going as far as you could.",
        "type": [
          "number",
          "string"
        ],
        "x-quantity": "length",
        "exclusiveMinimum": 0
      },
      "vo2": {
        "title": "VO2 max (mL/kg/min)",
        "description": "Maximal oxygen uptake: milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute.",
        "type": "number",
        "exclusiveMinimum": 0,
        "maximum": 100
      }
    }
  },
  "solve": {
    "fillAny": 1,
    "variables": [
      "d",
      "vo2"
    ],
    "inputsOnly": []
  },
  "outputs": {
    "distance": {
      "label": "Distance in 12 minutes",
      "description": "The distance you ran (or walked) in 12 minutes, going as far as you could.",
      "format": "quantity"
    },
    "vo2": {
      "label": "VO2 max (mL/kg/min)",
      "description": "Maximal oxygen uptake: milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute.",
      "format": "number"
    }
  },
  "defaultAnswer": {
    "inputs": {
      "d": 2414.016
    },
    "outputs": {
      "vo2": 42.68088531187123
    },
    "text": "Running 1.5 mi in 12 minutes gives an estimated VO2 max of 42.7 mL/kg/min."
  },
  "examples": [
    {
      "given": {
        "d": 2400
      },
      "expect": {
        "vo2": 42.36753856472166
      },
      "source": "Cooper (1968) regression, hand calculation in content.mdx: (2,400 − 504.9) ÷ 44.73 = 42.37 mL/kg/min"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "d": 2414.016
      },
      "expect": {
        "vo2": 42.68088531187123
      },
      "source": "hand calculation in content.mdx: 1.5 mi = 2,414.016 m (NIST SP 811); (2,414.016 − 504.9) ÷ 44.73 = 42.68 mL/kg/min"
    },
    {
      "given": {
        "vo2": 50
      },
      "expect": {
        "d": 2741.4
      },
      "source": "hand calculation in content.mdx: 50 × 44.73 + 504.9 = 2,741.4 m",
      "tolerance": 1e-12
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    "Cooper, K. H. (1968). A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake: correlation between field and treadmill testing. JAMA 203(3), 201–204. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1968.03140030033008",
    "The Cooper Institute, 50 Years of the Cooper 12-Minute Run. https://www.cooperinstitute.org/blog/50-years-of-the-cooper-12-minute-run",
    "NIST Special Publication 811 (2008), Appendix B.8: 1 mi = 1,609.344 m and 1 yd = 0.9144 m exactly. https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811"
  ],
  "related": [
    "pace",
    "one-rep-max"
  ],
  "changelog": []
}